Up to 30 per cent of adults suffer from the condition at some point, which is defined as experiencing difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep, waking up too early and poor-quality sleep.
If this occurs for three nights a week or more, and continues for more than three months, it is known as chronic insomnia, which is associated with depression, high blood pressure, heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
Chronic insomnia also increases the chance of an accident by four-and-a-half times because of daytime sleepiness.
While stress and worry are the main causes of insomnia, other factors can play a part.
Certain medical conditions are associated with insomnia including arthritis (because of the pain) and sleep apnoea (where your breathing stops and starts while you are asleep).
Medicines, including cold remedies, steroids and some blood pressure drugs can also disturb sleep, putting people over the age of 60 at greater risk, because they are more likely to have health problems.
Advice to tackle it includes having a warm bath before bed (the drop in body temperature afterwards is a trigger for sleep) and ensuring the bedroom is dark and quiet with no distractions.
Treatments for the problem include cognitive behavioural therapy, a talking treatment to help change behaviour.
Sleeping pills can also be effective, but come with the risk of a range of side-effects, including constipation, dizziness and headache. They can be addictive so should only be used short-term.
The new device, which is worn around the head, emits gentle electrical pulses via an adhesive electrode to stimulate the trigeminal nerve, the nerve responsible for sensation in the face.
Stimulating or 'tickling' the nerve in this way is thought to lower levels of noradrenaline, a chemical messenger that keeps the body in a high state of alert, preparing it for action.
In people who sleep well, production of noradrenaline is lowest during sleep, and peaks during times of stress. It's thought in insomnia, levels may remain raised at night.
The device is already approved in the United States to treat migraines; stimulating the nerve is thought to interfere with pain signals.
In a study of 16 patients, that was published in the journal Headache in 2014, the device reduced head pain by 46 per cent.
Scientists came up with the idea of using it for insomnia after some migraine users reported feeling sleepy after treatment.
In a new trial, at Saint Vincent's Hospital in Suwon in Korea, 20 patients with insomnia will have the treatment for 20 minutes a day for four weeks.
Guy Leschziner, a consultant neurologist and a professor of neurology and sleep medicine at King's College London, says any new treatment for insomnia "would be very welcome", adding: "We know that these sorts of devices can influence brain function in other contexts, so it is plausible that these devices may also affect sleep."
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